Graphite, molecular formula: C, molecular weight: 12.01, imhando ye element carbon, atomu imwe neimwe yekabhoni inobatanidzwa nemamwe matatu maatomu ecarbon (akarongwa muhuchi hexagons) kuita covalent molecule.Nemhaka yokuti atomu imwe neimwe yekabhoni inobudisa erekitironi, idzo dzinogona kufamba zvakasununguka, saka graphite iconductor.
Graphite ndeimwe yemaminerari akapfava, uye kushandiswa kwayo kunosanganisira kugadzira penzura inotungamira uye mafuta ekuzora.Carbon chinhu chisiri chesimbi chiri muchikamu chechipiri IVA boka reperiodic table.Graphite inoumbwa pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Graphite icrystalline mineral of carbon elements, uye crystalline lattice iine hexagonal layered structure.Chinhambwe chiri pakati pemambure ega ega i3.35A, uye kupatsanurwa kwemaatomu ecarbon mune imwechete mesh layer i1.42A.Iyo hexagonal crystal system ine yakazara layered cleavage.Iyo cleavage surface inonyanya kuve mamolecular bond, isinganyanyi kukwezva kumamorekuru, saka kutenderera kwayo kwechisikigo kwakanaka kwazvo.
Mune makristasi egraphite, maatomu ekabhoni ari muchikamu chimwe chete anoumba chisungo chakabatana nesp2 hybridization, uye atomu yega yega kabhoni yakabatana kune mamwe maatomu matatu muzvisungo zvitatu zvine covalent.Iwo matanhatu maatomu ekabhoni anoumba mhete nhanhatu-inoenderera mundege imwe chete, ichipinda muchimiro chelamella, uko kureba kwechisungo cheCC bond iri 142pm, iri mukati mehurefu hwechisungo chekristaro yeatomu, saka kune imwecheteyo layer. , ikristaro yeatomu.Maatomu eCarbon ari mundege imwechete ane p orbit imwe chete, inopindirana.Ma electrons akasununguka, akaenzana nemahara erekitironi musimbi, saka graphite inogona kuitisa kupisa uye magetsi, inova hunhu hwemakristasi esimbi.Saka zvakare yakarongedzerwa sesimbi makristasi.
Iyo yepakati ye graphite crystal inoparadzaniswa ne335pm, uye chinhambwe chakakura.Iyo inosanganiswa ne van der Waals simba, kureva kuti, iyo layer ndeyeiyo molecular crystal.Zvakadaro, nekuti kusungwa kwemaatomu ecarbon mundiro yendege imwe chete kwakasimba uye kwakaoma zvakanyanya kuparadza, nzvimbo yekunyungudika yegraphite zvakare yakakwirira kwazvo uye makemikari ayo akagadzikana.
Tichifunga nezve yakasarudzika nzira yekubatanidza, haigone kutorwa sekristaro imwe chete kana polycrystal, graphite ikozvino inowanzoonekwa sekristaro yakasanganiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-31-2023